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What is Ethical Hacking – Career, Scope, Salary in India
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Sunday, 2 August 2015
yakub memon
Early history
Yakub Memon was born on 30 July 1962[11] in Mumbai and grew up in the Byculla neighborhood, where he attended Antonio D'Souza High School. He completed a Masters in Commerce at the Burhani College of Commerce and Arts. In 1986, Memon enrolled in the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and completed study as a chartered accountant in 1990.[12]In 1991, Memon founded the chartered accountancy firm 'Mehta & Memon Associates' with his childhood friend Chetan Mehta. The following year, they parted ways, and he founded another accountancy firm 'AR & Sons'. Named after his father, it was so successful that Memon won a "Best Chartered Accountant of the Year" award from the Memon community of Mumbai. He also formed the export company 'Tejrath International' to export meat products to the Persian Gulf region and Middle East.[13]
1993 Bombay bombings
Part in the bombings
According to Indian authorities, Memon financially assisted his brother Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim in planning and executing the bombings.[14] Memon allegedly handled Tiger's funds, funded the training of 15 youths who were sent to Pakistan to learn the art of handling arms and ammunition, purchased the vehicles used in the bombings, and stockpiled weapons.[13][15][16][17]Arrest
The Indian Central Bureau of Investigation claims that Memon was arrested at New Delhi railway station on 5 August 1994. However, Memon claims that he surrendered to police in Nepal on the 28 July 1994.[12][18] Memon was arrested with a briefcase which contained a recording of a conversation he had had in Karachi.[19]Trial
Justice P. D. Kode, in a Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) court, found Memon guilty of the following offences on 27 July 2007:[7][20][21]Crime | Sentence |
---|---|
Criminal conspiracy to carry out terrorist act and disruptive activities, and murder | Death |
Aiding and abetting and facilitating in a terrorist act | Life imprisonment |
Illegal possession and transportation of arms and ammunition | Rigorous imprisonment for 14 years |
Possessing explosives with intent to endanger lives | Rigorous imprisonment for 10 years |
Subsequent appeals and petitions
Memon filed an appeal before the Supreme Court of India under Section 19 of the TADA Act and State of Maharashtra filed a reference before the court for the confirmation of Memon's death sentence. On 21 March 2013, the Supreme Court confirmed Memon's conviction and death sentence for conspiracy through financing the attacks. The Court held that Memon's role was limited not only to the extent of correspondence between the masterminds and all other accused, but he was also entrusted with task of handling the explosive bags and for their safe keeping, which is stated in the confessional statements of various co-accused persons. It also held that Memon was actively involved in hawala transactions for the purpose of facilitating the blasts. The judges called him the "mastermind" and "driving force" behind the bombings.[18][22][23] Memon has consistently claimed innocence.[24]Memon then filed a Review Petition seeking review of Supreme Court’s judgment confirming his death sentence. On 30 July 2013, Supreme Court bench headed by Chief Justice P Sathasivam and Justice BS Chauhan rejected Memon's application for oral hearing and dismissed his review petition by circulation.[25] Memon then filed a Writ Petition before the Supreme Court as the issue of oral hearing of review petitions against death sentences was being heard by the Supreme Court.[21]
On 6 August 2013, Memon's brother Suleman filed a mercy petition before the President of India. However Indian President Pranab Mukherjee rejected Memon's petition for clemency on 11 April 2014.[26]
On 1 June 2014, Justices J. Khehar and C. Nagappan imposed a stay of execution while a plea from Memon, that review of death penalties should be heard in an open court rather than in chambers, was heard by a constitution bench of the Supreme Court[27][28] which was then extended in December 2014.[29] On 24 March 2015, open court hearing began on Memon's review petition. Senior Counsel Jaspal Singh represented Memon. On 9 April 2015, Supreme Court dismissed Memon’s review petition.
On 30 April 2015, Maharashtra Government issued a death warrant setting 30 July 2015 as the date for Memon's execution.[7][21] Memon then filed a curative petition before the Supreme Court on 22 May 2015, which was rejected on 21 July 2015. Meanwhile, Memon then filed a mercy petition with the Governor of Maharashtra and then filed a Writ before the Supreme Court of India for a stay on his execution till the mercy petition is decided. He claimed that the death warrant was illegal, as it had been issued before he had exhausted all his legal avenues of appeal.[30] The capital punishment given to Yakub Memon has been criticized by a few eminent personalitities, including Research and Analysis Wing officer B. Raman,[31][32][33] former Supreme Court judge Justice H. S. Bedi,[34] Former Supreme Court judge Markandey Katju,[35] Hussain Zaidi,[36] Ram Jethmalani,[37] Asaduddin Owaisi,[38] R. Jagannathan[39] and a few Muslim bodies, who asked for implementation of the Srikrishna Commission report.[40][41][42][43] On 26 July 2015, a petition was handed over by some eminent personalities and political leaders to President Mukherjee to reconsider Memon's mercy plea.[44]
On 28 July 2015, Memon filed a fresh writ petition before the Supreme Court challenging the order passed in the curative petition contending that the required quorum was not present based on the interpretation of the Supreme Court Rules. After the hearing, the two judges disagreed on the issue and passed an order requesting the Chief Justice of India (CJI) to urgently constitute a larger bench. On July 29, the Supreme Court rejected his petition. Memon also submitted a petition for clemency to Maharashtra Governor C. Vidyasagar Rao and a fresh petition to President Mukherjee, both of which were rejected.[45][46] As a final resort Memon's lawyers filed a plea for 14-day stay of execution with Supreme Court Chief Justice citing that there needs to be 14 day period between a mercy plea rejected by president and the execution.[47] A three-judge bench convened at 2:30 IST to hear the arguments. After hearing the arguments the bench upheld the execution, rejecting Memon's lawyers arguments.[47]
Imprisonment
Memon was originally held at Yerwada Central Jail, and was transferred to Nagpur Central Jail in August 2007.[48] While in prison, he has studied at Indira Gandhi National Open University and earned two master's degrees. The first, in 2013, in English literature and the second degree, in 2014, in political science.[18]Execution
Memon was executed by hanging in Nagpur Central Jail at around 6:30 AM IST on 30 July 2015. He had been woken at 4:00 AM, permitted to take a warm bath and was provided with a fresh set of clothing. He was allowed to read the Quran and do Salat, given a last meal of his choice, allowed a final phone call with his daughter as per his last wish,[49][50] and underwent a final medical examination before the execution.[51] A Pune police constable who had previously executed Ajmal Kasab served as the hangman.[52] He became 24th person to be hanged at Nagpur central jail and the 59th in the Maharashtra state since 1947.[53][54]In media
Memon was portrayed by actor/director Imtiaz Ali in Anurag Kashyap's film Black Friday.[18] A part of the real footage of Yakub Memon's interview given to Madhu Trehan of Newstrack, where he states that the conspiracy was orchestrated by his brother Tiger Memon and his underworld associates, was also included in the film.[55][56]Saturday, 1 August 2015
These were the top contributions of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam to Science, Humanity, Tech, and the Nation
His contribution to science, humanity and technology cannot be elucidated ever. Here are top contributions of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam that turned him into a living legend for the entire country.
1. Satellite Launch Vehicle
During the 1970s, when India had hardly dreamt of its SLV, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam launched SLV III in July 1980, which deployed Rohini in near earth orbit. It was nearly a decade’s hard work of Kalam, which made this task possible.
2. Integrated Guided Missile Development Program
3. Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests
During his tenure as Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organization and Chief Scientific Advisor to Prime Minister between July 1992 and December 1999, he took some great decisions. Dr. Kalam’s intensive technical and political help in Pokhran-II nuclear tests earned him a lot of media coverage and established him as the best living nuclear scientist in the country.4. Kalam-Raju Tablet
Dr. Kalam and Soma Raju, a well-known cardiologist, came up with a rugged tablet computer in 2012 to take care of the health of underprivileged people in rural India. It helped the government fight many health issues.5. The Mission 2020
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was a visionary man and saw a dream of India becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. He always believed that education and the dominant young Indians could take the nation to greater heights. He will not be there to witness India’s success in the coming days, but his guidance and blessings will surely help the country to fulfill his dream.Friday, 31 July 2015
Contribution of kalam
Kalam started his career by
designing a small helicopter
for the Indian Army, but
remained unconvinced with
the choice of his job at DRDO.
Kalam was also part of the
INCOSPAR committee working
under Vikram Sarabhai, the
renowned space scientist.[9]
In 1969, Kalam was
transferred to theIndian Space
Research Organization (ISRO)
where he was the project
director of India's first
indigenous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (SLV-III) which
successfully deployed the
Rohini satellite in near earth
orbit in July 1980.
Joining ISRO was one of
Kalam's biggest achievements
in life and he is said to have
found himself when he started
to work on the SLV project.
Kalam first started work on an
expandable rocket project
independently at DRDO in
1965. In 1969, Kalam received
the government's approval
and expanded the program to
include more engineers.
In 1963–64, he visited Nasa's
Langley Research Center in
Hampton Virginia, Goddard
Space Flight Center in
Greenbelt, Maryland
andWallops Flight Facility
situated at Eastern Shore of
Virginia.
During the period between the
1970s and 1990s, Kalam made
an effort to develop the Polar
SLV and SLV-III projects, both
of which proved to be success.
In the 1970s, Kalam also
directed two projects, namely,
Project Devil and Project
Valiant , which sought to
develop ballistic missiles from
the technology of the
successful SLV programme.
Despite the disapproval of
Union Cabinet, Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi allotted secret
funds for these aerospace
projects through her
discretionary powers under
Kalam's directorship.Kalam
played an integral role
convincing the Union Cabinet
to conceal the true nature of
these classified aerospace
projects.
His research and educational
leadership brought him great
laurels and prestige in 1980s,
which prompted the
government to initiate an
advanced missile program
under his directorship.
Kalam and Dr. V. S.
Arunachalam, metallurgist and
scientific adviser to the
Defense Minister, worked on
the suggestion by the then
Defense Minister, R.
Venkataraman on a proposal
for simultaneous development
of a quiver of missiles instead
of taking planned missiles one
by one.R Venkatraman was
instrumental in getting the
cabinet approval for allocating
388 crore rupees for the
mission, named Integrated
Guided Missile Development
Program (I.G.M.D.P) and
appointed Kalam as the Chief
Executive.
Kalam played a major part in
developing many missiles
under the mission including
Agni, an intermediate range
ballistic missile and Prithvi,
the tactical surface-to-surface
missile, although the projects
have been criticised for
mismanagement and cost and
time overruns.
He was the Chief Scientific
Adviser to the Prime Minister
and the Secretary of Defence
Research and Development
Organisation from July 1992 to
December 1999.
The Pokhran-II nuclear tests
were conducted during this
period where he played an
intensive political and
technological role. Kalam
served as the Chief Project
Coordinator, along with R.
Chidambaram during the
testing phase. Photos and
snapshots of him taken by the
media elevated Kalam as the
country's top nuclear scientist.
In 1998, along with
cardiologist Dr.Soma Raju,
Kalam developed a low cost
Coronary stent. It was named
as "Kalam-Raju Stent"
honouring them.
In 2012, the duo, designed a
rugged tablet PC for health
care in rural areas, which was
named as "Kalam-Raju Tablet".
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Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (30 July 1962 – 30 July 2015) was an Indian terrorist [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and chartered accountant , [ 6 ] who was conv...
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A great scientist, phenomenal teacher and people’s President, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, in Shillong. He o...
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Google have been encouraging web developers, businesses and organisations to move towards more secure sites for a number of years. From Ju...