Contribution of kalam

Kalam started his career by
designing a small helicopter
for the Indian Army, but
remained unconvinced with
the choice of his job at DRDO.
Kalam was also part of the
INCOSPAR committee working
under Vikram Sarabhai, the
renowned space scientist.[9]
In 1969, Kalam was
transferred to theIndian Space
Research Organization (ISRO)
where he was the project
director of India's first
indigenous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (SLV-III) which
successfully deployed the
Rohini satellite in near earth
orbit in July 1980.
Joining ISRO was one of
Kalam's biggest achievements
in life and he is said to have
found himself when he started
to work on the SLV project.
Kalam first started work on an
expandable rocket project
independently at DRDO in
1965. In 1969, Kalam received
the government's approval
and expanded the program to
include more engineers.
In 1963–64, he visited Nasa's
Langley Research Center in
Hampton Virginia, Goddard
Space Flight Center in
Greenbelt, Maryland
andWallops Flight Facility
situated at Eastern Shore of
Virginia.
During the period between the
1970s and 1990s, Kalam made
an effort to develop the Polar
SLV and SLV-III projects, both
of which proved to be success.
In the 1970s, Kalam also
directed two projects, namely,
Project Devil and Project
Valiant , which sought to
develop ballistic missiles from
the technology of the
successful SLV programme.
Despite the disapproval of
Union Cabinet, Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi allotted secret
funds for these aerospace
projects through her
discretionary powers under
Kalam's directorship.Kalam
played an integral role
convincing the Union Cabinet
to conceal the true nature of
these classified aerospace
projects.
His research and educational
leadership brought him great
laurels and prestige in 1980s,
which prompted the
government to initiate an
advanced missile program
under his directorship.
Kalam and Dr. V. S.
Arunachalam, metallurgist and
scientific adviser to the
Defense Minister, worked on
the suggestion by the then
Defense Minister, R.
Venkataraman on a proposal
for simultaneous development
of a quiver of missiles instead
of taking planned missiles one
by one.R Venkatraman was
instrumental in getting the
cabinet approval for allocating
388 crore rupees for the
mission, named Integrated
Guided Missile Development
Program (I.G.M.D.P) and
appointed Kalam as the Chief
Executive.
Kalam played a major part in
developing many missiles
under the mission including
Agni, an intermediate range
ballistic missile and Prithvi,
the tactical surface-to-surface
missile, although the projects
have been criticised for
mismanagement and cost and
time overruns.
He was the Chief Scientific
Adviser to the Prime Minister
and the Secretary of Defence
Research and Development
Organisation from July 1992 to
December 1999.
The Pokhran-II nuclear tests
were conducted during this
period where he played an
intensive political and
technological role. Kalam
served as the Chief Project
Coordinator, along with R.
Chidambaram during the
testing phase. Photos and
snapshots of him taken by the
media elevated Kalam as the
country's top nuclear scientist.
In 1998, along with
cardiologist Dr.Soma Raju,
Kalam developed a low cost
Coronary stent. It was named
as "Kalam-Raju Stent"
honouring them.
In 2012, the duo, designed a
rugged tablet PC for health
care in rural areas, which was
named as "Kalam-Raju Tablet".